What is meant by "light pollution"?

Light pollution refers specifically to the excessive or misdirected artificial light that disrupts the natural darkness of the night sky and the environment. This phenomenon can have various ecological effects, such as interfering with nocturnal animals' behaviors, disrupting human circadian rhythms, and diminishing the visibility of stars and other celestial objects.

In the context of urbanization and increased use of artificial lighting, light pollution can also contribute to energy waste and increased carbon footprints, as unnecessary illumination often goes unregulated. Recognizing light pollution is vital in discussions about sustainable urban planning, environmental impact, and the well-being of both wildlife and human communities.

The other options describe different types of lighting issues but do not accurately capture the broader and more specific environmental and health implications associated with excessive artificial light that defines light pollution. For instance, natural light interference from the sun is not considered pollution, while inconsistent lighting levels pertain more to the quality and aesthetic of lighting rather than its environmental impact. Similarly, improperly designed fixtures may lead to light pollution but do not in themselves define the term.